TiO₂ is a strong colouring agent — even at 0.05% it creates cream tones in white ceramics. Above 0.10%, it creates visible grey speckling. XRF is the only reliable method to detect TiO₂ at these low levels.

LOI measures weight loss at 1000°C — representing organic matter, carbonates, and sulphates. All generate gas during firing — the primary cause of pinholes and blisters. Low LOI <0.5% guarantees clean firing.

Potassium Feldspar (Potash Feldspar) — XRF Specification

India's highest-grade Potassium Feldspar from Rajasthan's orthoclase and microcline deposits. XRF-verified on every commercial lot by NABL-accredited laboratory. K₂O 11.5%+, Fe₂O₃ <0.06%, whiteness 90–93% — unmatched globally.

Sodium Feldspar (Soda Feldspar / Albite) — XRF Specification

High-Na₂O Sodium Feldspar from Rajasthan's albite deposits, XRF-verified for consistent melt flow for glass manufacturing, fast-fire ceramics, and high-gloss tile glazes. Available: HST (Na₂O 9.5%+) and High-Flow (Na₂O 10%+).

Iron at 0.06% is invisible to the naked eye in feldspar powder — but it causes visible yellowing in fired white tiles. TiO₂ at 0.05% shows no visual difference in raw material but creates grey speckling in fired porcelain. XRF measures what matters, invisibly.

An XRF COA from each shipment creates a measurable record of consistency. If K₂O varies from 11.5% to 12.8% between lots, your glaze recipe needs adjustment. With XRF verification on every lot, you know before you fire.

When a buyer claims delivered feldspar does not match the agreed specification, XRF COA is the legally defensible evidence. NABL-accredited reports are accepted by international arbitration bodies in the EU, GCC, Korea, and Japan.

EU, Japan, and Korea require documented XRF analysis for customs classification (HS 2529). NABL COA prevents customs holds and mis-classification disputes at destination ports — saving time and money on every shipment.

Premium feldspar commands a price premium. XRF verification converts "our feldspar has low iron" (a claim) into "Fe₂O₃ = 0.054% verified by NABL lab" (a fact). Buyers pay for verified facts, not marketing claims.

AIFTA, India–Korea CEPA, India–UAE CEPA, and SAFTA preferential duties require Certificate of Origin — which requires accurate XRF composition documentation. XRF COA is the mineral identity document that supports all FTA duty claims.

Korean ceramics buyers require NABL-certified XRF COA on every lot. Acceptable K₂O: 11.5%+. Fe₂O₃ <0.08% mandatory for premium tiles. XRF COA used as basis for payment — rejected lots documented by XRF counter-analysis.

Indonesian tile manufacturers increasingly require NABL XRF COA. Fast-fire kilns (45–55 min) make Na₂O and K₂O consistency critical — batch variation above ±0.5% causes measurable glaze quality changes.

China's GACC requires documentary evidence of mineral composition for import classification. XRF COA distinguishes albite (Na-Feldspar, 钠长石) from K-Feldspar. Premium buyers specify Fe₂O₃ <0.06%.

Turkish sanitaryware manufacturers importing Indian feldspar for ultra-white vitreous china require XRF verification at Fe₂O₃ <0.05% — stricter than standard. Turkey's 12-digit GTIP classification requires composition documentation.

EU importers (Italy, Spain) require XRF COA for REACH compliance — particularly Fe₂O₃, Cr₂O₃, and heavy metal content. Italian Sassuolo tile factories specify K₂O 11.5%+ with XRF certification for premium porcelain stoneware.

TOTO and LIXIL require XRF per JIS R 2216. Fe₂O₃ <0.04% for ultra-white sanitaryware. Japan's customs cross-references XRF data for HS 2529.10-000 classification and IJCEPA origin verification.

UAE importers use XRF COA for customs valuation and India–UAE CEPA preferential duty claim documentation. eCoO (DGFT) must be consistent with declared XRF composition. RAK Ceramics is a major end-user.

Malaysian tile manufacturers (Guocera, Niro) export to Middle East and Europe — requiring the same XRF documentation standards as their end markets. SIRIM QAS recognises NABL-certified Indian lab reports.

Vietnam's rapidly growing tile manufacturers (Prime Group, Viglacera) have moved to full NABL XRF verification as they upgrade product quality for export markets. NABL COA becoming standard requirement.

Egyptian ceramics manufacturers (Cleopatra, RAK Egypt) require COA with XRF analysis. Egypt's ceramics export program to Africa and Europe is driving upgrading of raw material specifications — NABL XRF COA becoming standard.

Bangladesh's export-oriented ceramics manufacturers (RAK Bangladesh, Fu-Wang) require NABL XRF COA as EU and US buyers audit supply chains. BSTI now references XRF analysis in ceramic raw material standards.

India's BIS standard IS 1918 covers XRF analysis of feldspar. Export-oriented Morbi tile manufacturers increasingly specify NABL XRF COA. Hindustan Unilever, Asian Paints, and Saint-Gobain India require NABL-certified mineral analysis.